Information on Orthognathic Surgery

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Vaibhav Shah 

What is Orthognathic Surgery?

               Orthognathic surgery (Greek “orthos” means straight and “gnathos” means jaw) is a single or double jaw surgery which is performed to reposition the jaws. During orthognathic surgery a correct jaw alignment and occlusion, as well as, facial harmony is achieved. When the jaws are moved forwards or backwards, up or down, or rotated, the facial soft tissue in the chin, cheeks, lips and tip of the nose move accordingly. Therefore, once the jaws are correctly positioned a harmony between the facial features is acquired which results in a beautiful profile.

*Why do we need Orthognathic Surgery?

             Malocclusion impedes jaw function and does not allow proper chewing of food. If there is no adequate contact between upper and lower teeth, grinding of food is insufficient. This might exert negative influence on food digestion and overall body health. Moreover, crowding of teeth facilitates accumulation of food debris and aggravates maintenance of oral hygiene, therefore, teeth are more likely to be affected by dental caries or periodontal disease. Due to malocclusion teeth may wear out faster than usually and the lifetime of dental prostheses may shorten.

           Severe skeletal malocclusions caused by jaw mismatch in size and position may cause serious problems. For example, extremely small lower jaw may result in snoring and sleep apnea, which can consequently cause many health problems. In cases of short upper lip and vertical excess of the upper jaw, the lips are usually open as they fail to close without efforts due to increased lower third of the face. Consequently, it may stimulate undesirable mouth breathing which further worsens occlusion. Frequently malocclusion can have strong negative effect on speech function and often it can be accompanied by jaw joint pain.

           And last but not least, occlusion and the position of jaws define the height of the lower third of the face to the greatest extent, hence the aesthetics of the facial profile as well. Convex ‘bird face’ or concave ‘mature face’ profiles are considered anaesthetic, therefore severe anomalies can cause social problems if left untreated.

 *What  is the course of  Orhognathic  treatment ?

             Orthognathic treatment takes about two years to complete. It is very specific and consists of several stages, one being orthognathic surgery. Once begun, it is seldom possible to reverse the orthognathic treatment or switch to non-surgical treatment, so it is strongly recommended that the original treatment plan be completed once begun. A patient who has decided to have an orthognathic treatment should understand that this surgery is a complex and time consuming process. Therefore, only a combination of the patient's cooperation and good-will, accompanied by the doctor's support, can meet the challenge of achieving correct occlusion and facial harmony.

            The treatment plan is prepared after the initial consultation. The treatment plan is a detailed explanation of the entire treatment process for each individual patient which then, every doctor involved in the treatment will follow. It is of vital importance that the patient makes a resolute decision about having orthognathic treatment, for once started, the treatment is extremely difficult to reverse.

           At the beginning of the treatment, teeth are restored while, at the same time, useless teeth, as well as, the wisdom teeth are removed. Subsequently, once the orthodontic treatment is started it lasts for about 18 to 24 months. When the teeth are set, orthognathic surgery is performed on one or both jaws, followed then by the final orthodontic treatment which, in itself, lasts approximately 6 months.

           Once the braces are removed, if necessary, select teeth may receive restorations or crowns, or, dental implants may be inserted and restored in edentulou areas. After all this is completed, the patient will enjoy and benefit from a stunning smile and pleasing facial features.

*Attractiveness of Face.

                Every day we meet and speak to new people. What determines our perception, whether the face of a new man or a woman you have just come across is attractive or not? Probably it would be difficult to find two non-relative persons with exact faces on earth, but it is considerably easier to find people, who have similar eyes, cheeks, nose, lips, or chin. Why does one face created from the same “details” look more attractive than the other? Is facial attractiveness determined by the beauty of several separate facial parts? Or probably we can say that it is determined by the harmony rather than beauty of individual facial parts?

          Scientists have been on the way in seeking an answer to this question for years trying to find which part of the face is playing the greatest role in the attractiveness of the face, and surgeons – trying to “attack” those parts, thus hoping to make the face more attractive by changing particular features. Do we look at the eyes, at the smile, the symmetry of the face or at the combination of several features like nose, cheeks, eyebrows or eyes when assessing facial attractiveness?

            It is stated that the distance between eyes, facial width and height, mouth size, cheek position, eye colour and shape, make a fair influence for the attractiveness of the face. Features of mature face, such as protruding cheeks, rectangular jaw and large chin are associated with the attractiveness of the masculine face. In contrary, feminine face is considered to be more attractive if it is enriched with infantile features: long distance between eyes, small chin, and wide smile. Furthermore, a face is considered even more attractive if all parts are symmetric and all regions are of average size. For the face of an ideal shape, hairstyle has no great influence, but once well fitted it can make a non-ideal face look more attractive.

          A great influence on the attractiveness of the face is exerted by the crowding of teeth or spaces between them. Anterior teeth, once correctly aligned, may influence facial attractiveness more than interrelation between jaws. However, lip projection, which largely depends on the relationship of jaws, makes the greatest influence on the attractiveness of the face.

Stages of baldness.

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Vaibhav Shah

 Vaibhav Shah 

 Vaibhav Shah 

-Norwood Classification: Stages of  baldness.

               The Norwood Classification is a system that professionals use to characterize male pattern baldness. Depending on the location and the severity, pattern baldness is classified according to 1 of 7 stages. This helps hair surgeons understand both the extent of the current condition as well as the pattern in which balding is most likely to follow. These two variables play a critical role in determining which hair loss treatment options are capable of restoring areas of the scalp that are thin or completely bald.

               The Norwood Classification also provides a framework for understanding how the patient’s baldness may progress. This becomes a very important variable when the patient chooses a hair transplant procedure. Understanding how baldness may progress enables the surgeon to deliver a beautifully natural-looking end result by strategically restoring areas that are thin, balding, or susceptible to future hair loss.

Thin Cheek

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Vaibhav Shah

Thin face.      (Buccal fat removal)

Buccal fat pad reduction (also called Bichat’s fat pad) is a common cosmetic facial surgery procedure that is performed to slim the cheeks or face.  Notice I refer to this as buccal fat pad reduction and not buccal fat removal.  I never recommend removing all the fat.  More about that later.

The buccal fat pads (buccal refers to the Latin word Bucca meaning cheek) are walnut sized fat deposits deep in the cheeks.  These fat masses are located in the cheek between the nostril and corner of the mouth.  Their function is to assist nursing in infants or to provide a smooth gliding plane for the jaw muscles.  It is the large buccal fat pads that give infants and young children the cheeks that grandma likes to pinch.  It is also the atrophy of these areas that cause the gaunt faces of anorexia, HIV or starvation.

 Some patients have a very full and round face, in part from large buccal fat pads.  The buccal fat pad is a large unit with mass in the temple region, the cheek region and the pterygoid region (back of the upper jaw).  There is no indication to remove the entire buccal fat pad and it is the cheek region that is most frequently reduced.  I always warn about total removal as it will slim the face, but a decade later can lead to a very gaunt and unhealthy appearance.  Remember, you have to live with your face the rest of your live and all fat is not “bad fat”.

I most commonly see patients requesting buccal fat reduction that have chubby cheeks in relation to the rest of their face and body.  It is frequently hereditary.  Although you occasionally hear about liposuction of the buccal fat pads, I don’t ever do this for several reasons.  Number one, these pads have heavy fibrous capsules that do not lend themselves to common liposuction.  More importantly, facial nerve branches, the anterior facial vein and parotid duct are frequently in close approximation to these fat pads and could be injured producing facial paralysis or severe bleeding.  For this reason, I always perform a magnification assisted precision surgical reduction of the fat pads.  It is not an area for imprecise technique and it is important for patients to select a surgeon with lots of experience and expertise in facial surgery.

The fat is located by making several small incisions on the inside of the cheek.  The surgeon then locates the buccal extension of the fat pad which is generally very plentiful and protrudes into the mouth .  The amount of fat to be removed is determined and the fat pad is removed using a laser or radiowave device.  This is important as it seals the blood vessels and prevents bleeding which can be problematic in that area.  After the fat is removed the small incisions are closed with dissolving sutures

  

PROCECURE IS INTRAORAL. NO EXTERNAL SCAR . .. . 

Surgeons

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Vaibhav Shah

What types of doctors perform cosmetic surgery?

A: There are many qualified doctors from various specialties that perform cosmetic surgery. Plastic Surgery, Dermatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, ENT, Facial Plastic Surgery, Ophthalmology and other types of surgeons perform cosmetic procedures. Some specialties can mislead the public by indicating that their particular are of practice is the most qualified to perform cosmetic surgery. Again, all the specialties mentioned above have contributed significant advancements to the field of cosmetic surgery. There are excellent doctors all over the world in all the above specialized fields who have the experience and patient results to support their qualifications. Although any doctor can legally perform cosmetic facial surgery, it is not the degree that is the qualification. You would not let your pediatrician or psychiatrist perform a facelift even though they are a medical doctor. It is the training of the doctor. For instance, Dermatologists have added much progress to cosmetic surgery with the development of tumescent liposuction and lasers. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons pioneered and developed many head and neck cosmetic procedures as did ENT doctors. Ophthalmologists have defined the anatomy and techniques for many cosmetic eye procedures. To say that these doctors are not qualified is simply untrue.

Unhappy Patients with Hair Transplant

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Vaibhav Shah 

               A patient after 1& 1/2 years of transplant complained of raised skin marks seen at the base of the transplanted hair.

                  This can happen to any transplant patient and is a part of the healing process when new grafts are accepted and during the growth of the transplanted hair as it grows through by making its way out of the thick scalp skin. To avoid the skin marks we follow some precautions:

                  De-epitelize all the grafts by removing the epidermis or outer skin to avoid leaving thick skin tissue.

Make slim grafts which can be easily placed by 19, 20 & 21 gauze hypodermic needles depending on the size of the graft.

                    Do not use tight bands over the head after the hair transplant causing fluid retention in the scalp which may push the grafts above the skin.

Use low dose locally acting triamcinalone mixed in the anesthesia solution to avoid post operative swelling.

QUIZ : How much Baldness you have?

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Vaibhav Shah

Know your Grade Of Hair Loss

Female Grades Hair loss

                                                           Male Grages Hair loss

Type I

Hair fall does not require any treatment except for some medicines to strengten the hair roots and keep dandruff away.

Type I I

Hair fall does not require any treatment except for some medicines to strengten the hair roots and keep dandruff away.

Type III

Type III Vertex

Borderline case for hair transplant. Only thinning will respond very well to Cyclical Hair Treatment and Diet modifications. However if you have a receding frontal hairline, it does not respond to medicines and will require a hair transplant.

Type IV

Type IV Vertex

Requires medicines plus hair transplant. Approximately 1000-1500 grafts.

Type V

Type V Vertex

Requires medicines plus hair transplant. Approximately 2000-3000 grafts. May reqire one or two sittings.

 Type VI

Requires medicines plus hair transplant. Approximately 2000-4000 grafts. Requires two sittings.

Type VII

Requires medicines plus hair transplant. Approximately 2000-5000 grafts. Requires two or three sittings.

FAQ on Hair Transplant Surgery

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Vaibhav Shah 

FAQ ON HAIR TRANSPLANT SURGERY

*What are the causes and treatment for Hair Loss?

           Hair loss can result from heredity, stress, fungal or bacterial infection, affected liver or thyroid, crash dieting, dandruff, iron, calcium and vitamin deficiencies, systemic disease or side effect of prolonged medicines. These causes can be investigated and treated with suitable medicines. Hair loss that does not respond to treatment and has progressed beyond grade three requires replacement with new growing hair, which is done by hair transplant.

*What is Hair weaving, Hair bonding, Hair fusion etc?

             Hair weaving is tying a wig on the head with silk thread knots. Hair bonding is holding the wig with clips and hair fusion is sticking a light weight nylon wig with a double sided sticking tape. These are all temporary methods. Prolonged use causes bad hygiene, pull out of the anchoring hair and excoriation of skin. These methods are not done by doctors.

*What is Hair transplant?

           Hair transplant is a one day procedure which gives permanent replacement of lost hair with new hair roots that grow. These can be cut, shampooed and treated like your own hair. Repeated visits to the clinic are not required.

*How hair transplant corrects baldness?

          Baldness is a progressive disorder. Hair on the front and top of the head is lost because it is hormone dependent. Hair on the sides and lower back does not have hormone receptors. This hair is retained till the age of 60 – 70yrs. Maxillo-Facial surgeons transfer the persons own hair roots from the long lasting area to the bald area. Latest Follicular micro grafting ( FUT ), FOX technique and Body Hair Transplant

*What are punches, single hair grafts and the latest FUT?

              Use of punches and single hair grafts are now outdated. Hair grows in natural units of 1,2 or 3 hairs. These natural units are maintained in the latest follicular micrografting technique. This gives a robust, hair growth. If these units are separated and implanted as single hair they give poor growth. Follicular unit grafts avoid, clumpy appearance of punches and the thin look of single hair.

*Do you have to be completely bald for a hair transplant?

              Follicular micro grafts can be used in – between thinning hair in men and women for adding density. Our team covers most areas in single sitting. 1000 – 2000 grafts can be done at one time, going to a maximum of 3000.

*Can you make less number of grafts look fuller?

             Special interdigitated placing is used to make lesser number of grafts look fuller.

*What happens to the area from where the grafts are taken?

             The area from where the grafts are taken is closed so that no bald patch is seen.

*How are the grafts placed and when do they grow?

                The micro grafts are paced in the bald area with injection needle pricks to make sure there is minimal scarring. The grafts start growing with the next hair cycle at 3 – 4 months and keep on growing thereafter.

*How long does the operation take? Do we have to remain admitted?

                 The surgery is done under local anesthesia. It takes 6 – 8 hours. Patient is discharged on the same evening and advised rest for 3 – 6 days. Follow up for suture removal is required at 12 – days. Suture-less FOX technique and transplant of body hair is available for suitable patients.

*What can be done for old pluggy grafts or flaps?

               Correction of old pluggy looking grafts or low straight line hair flaps can be done by recycling the punches and redraping the flaps.

*What other hair loss can be replaced with FUT?

                  Restoration of eyebrows, eyelashes, burn areas, scars, beard, moustache, cleft lip Hanson’s patients, pseudopelade, and Folliculitis Decalvans is best done with follicular micro grafting.

Benefits of Orthognathic Surgery.

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Vaibhav Shah

Benefits of the Procedure:

The procedure has lots of benefits. Let us give a brief about the benefits of the treatment.

Better chewing and eating: The procedure will help in proper chewing and biting of foods. The teeth will be stronger than before.

Elimination of pain: The procedure will eliminate pain and you will be no longer having headaches due to this pain.

Improved jaw structure: Since the procedure is undertaken to improve the appearance of the teeth, you will get perfect teeth structure after going through the treatment. Your jaw structure will improve.

Healthy Oral Condition: Since the dental care will be given much importance, you will be able to maintain proper dental health after conducting the procedure. You decayed teeth will be removed, placing it with a better one.

Speech issue resolved: If your jaw structure is improved, even your speech issue that has been bothering you for long will also resolve.

Enhance Self-esteem: You will feel more confident and your smile will improve after undergoing the procedure.

Orthognathic (Jaw Correction Surgery) Surgery.

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Vaibhav Shah

Corrective Jaw Surgery (Orthorgnathic Surgery)

Jaw pain is the worst kind of pain anyone could suffer. Jaw pain can give you headaches. There could be various reasons for the pain. Are your jaws protruding too much? Are you suffering issues of chewing and biting food? Have you suffered any facial injury and birth defect? In case the answer is yes, you need to visit a dentist as soon as possible.

In such circumstances, you might need a jaw correction surgery. The surgery will help to resolve certain issues like jaw deformity, bite functionality and will save your mouth from damage. It will also improve your facial structure.

Procedure:

The dentist will do an analysis of your teeth and jaw functionalities. He will check through your inclinations, biting and chewing pattern, and bone attachment, facial inclinations by taking pictures, X-rays, scans and many more. The dentist will consult with you the detailed procedure of the treatments and will follow certain steps.

The dentist will make impressions of your teeth, and then the model is made using a computerized, 3D technique for more accurate results. The surgery is made to adjust the lower and upper jaw in a new position.

The surgery will take some time and there could be some pain or swelling after the surgery is completed, foe which your dentist will provide some medications. End of the day you will experience that your dental-facial structure has improved and your appearance will enhance.

You will be advised to follow a particular diet and a rest regime for quick recovery. If any complications arise, you should visit the dentist immediately.

Hair Transpant

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Vaibhav Shah

                 We are committed to educating and improving the lives of all those affected with hair loss and provide evidence based treatment options. Evidence-based hair restoration means the idea of using procedures and treatments of which trials and studies have gathered empirical evidence to be effective. In our practice of managing hair loss, this evidence-based method is combined with clinical judgement and professional expertise to deliver the best possible treatment options to the patient. The basic premise of the movement is to provide transparency and to assure the patients that techniques and procedures will provide the best possible interventions or treatments.

                Hair loss and thinning hair are common problems in both men and women. Almost all males experience some form of hair loss in their lifetime and almost one in five women will experience some degree of hair loss. One of the most common reasons for men and women to consider hair restoration is to overcome what they perceive to be an age-inappropriate appearance. For some of these people the psychological effects are by far the worst elements of their hair loss.

Hair Transplant Surgery

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Vaibhav Shah

              ADVANTAGES OF HAIR TRANSPLANT SURGERY.

               It is essentially a surgical process whereby hair follicle from one part of your body is relocated to the areas affected by partial or complete loss of hair.

               Besides treating baldness, hair loss in areas of brow, eye lashes, face and chest can also be revived by means of this surgical process.

              With one cite providing hair for the other both the processes of extraction as well as that of implantation are equally important.

            Calling for excellent precision and surgical skill, hair transplantation is often used as a last resort.

             But primarily, it has been found effective in treating masculine baldness caused by hereditary factors.

           Involving little or no use of sedation, the process mainly makes use of two grafting techniques

harvesting of strip

extraction of follicular units

The process generally calls for both pre as well as post operative precautions.

Hair Transpalt Surgery

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Vaibhav Shah

Common Reasons of Hair Loss.

                Most people normally shed 50 to 100 hairs a day. This usually doesn't cause noticeable thinning of scalp hair because new hair is growing in at the same time. Hair loss occurs when this cycle of hair growth and shedding is disrupted or when the hair follicle is destroyed and replaced with scar tissue.

           The exact cause of hair loss may not be fully understood, but it's usually related to one or more of the following factors:

Family history (heredity)

Hormonal changes

Medical conditions

Medications

Family history (heredity)

               The most common cause of hair loss is a hereditary condition called male-pattern baldness or female-pattern baldness. It usually occurs gradually and in predictable patterns — a receding hairline and bald spots in men and thinning hair in women.

             Heredity also affects the age at which you begin to lose hair, the rate of hair loss and the extent of baldness. Pattern baldness is most common in men and can begin as early as puberty. This type of hair loss may involve both hair thinning and miniaturization (hair becomes soft, fine and short).

           Hormonal changes and medical conditions

           A variety of conditions can cause hair loss, including:

           Hormonal changes. Hormonal changes and imbalances can cause temporary hair loss. This could be due to pregnancy, childbirth or the onset of menopause. Hormone levels are also affected by the thyroid gland, so thyroid problems may cause hair loss.

           Patchy hair loss. This type of nonscarring hair loss is called alopecia areata (al-o-PEE-she-uh ar-e-A-tuh). It occurs when the body's immune system attacks hair follicles — causing sudden hair loss that leaves smooth, roundish bald patches on the skin.

            Scalp infections. Infections, such as ringworm, can invade the hair and skin of your scalp, leading to scaly patches and hair loss. Once infections are treated, hair generally grows back.

           Other skin disorders. Diseases that cause scarring alopecia may result in permanent loss at the scarred areas. These conditions include lichen planus, some types of lupus and sarcoidosis.

            Hair-pulling disorder. This condition, also called trichotillomania (trik-o-til-o-MAY-nee-uh), causes people to have an irresistible urge to pull out their hair, whether it's from the scalp, the eyebrows or other areas of the body.

Botox

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 Vaibhav Shah

Botox Injections

                    Botox injections work by weakening the muscles of facial expression. Once the resting tone of these muscles is weakened, the pull of the muscles relaxes and the skin flattens out. Botox is very effective in improving wrinkles in the upper third of the face. By physiologically weakening the muscles, the wrinkles are removed naturally. The Botox injections take three to five days to take effect and last between three to six months. It is most effective in patients aged 30 - 65.

                  Typically, any unwanted side effects from Botox remain low. Any side effects usually last 6 months at a maximum, because Botox treatments are temporary. People with neuromuscular disorders should consult with their physician before having a Botox injection treatment, as cardiovascular problems may arise. Likewise, those with cardiovascular disease should also pay special attention. Very small quantities of Botox are used for facial injections which merely interrupt nerve impulses to muscles in the face. The lines that furrow the forehead when you raise your eyebrows, the crow''s feet that appear when you squint, and the creases between the eyebrows when you frown are all caused by tension in underlying muscles. These muscles contract and squeeze the skin like an accordion and Botox temporarily keeps this from happening. There are some wrinkles, however, that are not muscle related, but due to the loss of skin elasticity that is natural to the aging process, or less naturally from smoking and sun exposure. There are treatments for this sort of wrinkle, but Botox isn''t one of them.

Why to Select Maxillo-fACIAL Surgeon for Facial Cosmetic Surgery?????

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 Vaibhav Shah

                           Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons are able to provide their patients with a wide range of facial cosmetic services to meet their evolving needs.  They have been leaders in the facial reconstruction of the osseous (bone) and soft tissue (skin, muscles, and cartilage) structures of the face.  Facial cosmetic surgery services provided by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons have always addressed physical imperfections resulting from birth defects, facial trauma, disease, and aging.  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons have the ability to carry out the entire spectrum of facial cosmetic surgery, from skin care and non-surgical enhancements to minimally invasive as well as full surgical rejuvenation of the face and associated structures.

                            In recent years, there has been an increased emphasis on cosmetic procedures to restore a patient’s youthful appearance.  Today, people have busy and active lifestyles and they have the desire to stay looking young with minimal down time and low risk.  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons utilize proven techniques to restore each patient’s youthful appearance and minimize the progression of the aging process.

                           Over the past few years, there have been a multitude of advances in facial surgical techniques.  As a result, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons are able to employ cosmetic procedures using local and/or intravenous anaesthesia, often in an office setting with same-day surgery.  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons are able to combine their extensive facial surgical  training with their dental expertise to uniquely provide  comprehensive treatment of congenital diseases, injuries, tumours, and deformities of the face and jaws. This extensive knowledge enables them to incorporate a patient’s desired result in cosmetic surgery with the necessary balance of creating harmony between facial aesthetics and facial function.

                           Cosmetic surgical procedures available by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons may include:

·         Rhinoplasty (nasal reconstruction)

·           Genioplasty (chin surgery)

·         Facial Implants (including chin implants and cheekbone implants)

·         Otoplasty (cosmetic ear surgery)

·         Liposuction  (of the face and neck)

·         Blepharoplasty (eyelid surgery/orbital surgery)

·         Brow lift, Mid-cheek, and Mid-face lifts

·         Rhytidectomy (facelift)

·       Skin Care and Skin Resurfacing (i.e. skin products, chemical peels, dermabrasion, non-ablative, and ablative laser treatments)

·         Botox, Dermal fillers, Fat transfer

·         Lip Enhancement

·         Hair Transplant

·         Eyelash Growth Enhancement (treatment of hypotrichosis)

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Orthognathic

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Vaibhav Shah

Orthognathic surgery (Jaw correction surgery)

Orthognathic surgery (Greek “orthos” means straight and “gnathos” means jaw) is a single or double jaw surgery which is performed to reposition the jaws. During orthognathic surgery a correct jaw alignment and occlusion, as well as, facial harmony is achieved. When the jaws are moved forwards or backwards, up or down, or rotated, the facial soft tissue in the chin, cheeks, lips and tip of the nose move accordingly. Therefore, once the jaws are correctly positioned a harmony between the facial features is acquired which results in a beautiful profile.

Nose Surgery

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Vaibhav Shah

Nose Surgery

                             Rhiniophyma is a skin condition that causes disfiguring growth and thickening of the nose. If left untreated, rhinophyma can grow very large. Treatment involves reducing the abnormal tissue with radiowave surgery and/or CO2 laser. The procedure is performed with IV sedation and the nose will be pink for several weeks.

            

Filler “rhinoplasty”

Although not a true surgical procedure, many patients have subtle nasal deformities that can be masqueraded or camouflaged with injectable fillers.  By filling a depression on the top of the nose, the nasal bridge can look smoother because the hump is lessened.

Suns Cream

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Dr. Vaibhav Shah

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How do s help?

Most sunscreens have a unique molecular structure that absorbs the high-energy ultraviolet (UV) rays and converts them to a less harmful energy level, thus preventing the harmful effect of the UV rays from penetrating the skin. Essentially, sunscreens are effective against either UVA (UV rays with a longer wavelength responsible for premature aging of the skin) alone, UVB (UV rays with a medium wavelength, associated with sunburn, cancer, and cataract formation) alone or both. (Source: USA Today)

What is SPF?

Sunscreen protection factor, or SPF, was a concept created by Austrian scientist Franz Greiter. Pharmaceutical companies soon came up with lotions and creams to be used as effective photoprotection agents. SPF was given a numerical rating that tells us the degree of protection that is being provided by the sunscreen lotion.

How effective are SPFs?

Your skin is effectively protected if 2 mg/cm 2 layer of sunscreen has been applied. This literally means ½ teaspoon (~3ml) to each arm, to the face and the neck. More than a teaspoon (~6ml) is needed for application to each leg, the chest and back.It should also remain on your skin when you sweat, swim or during long periods of exercise. (Source: International Journal of Dermatology)

                Sunscreens are applied 15 to 30 minutes before sun exposure, followed by one reapplication 15-30 minutes after the sun exposure begins. Further reapplication is only necessary after activities such as swimming, or after excessive sweating.(Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology)

Which is the ideal SPF for Indian skin?

 According a recently (2007) published article in the Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, the ideal choice of sunscreens are those that effectively block both UVB and UVA rays, which is done with an SPF of 30 or greater. The ideal sunscreen, therefore, should have a high SPF rating and be non-toxic, water-resistant and, importantly, not too expensive!

So, choose your sunscreen with care, apply as directed and enjoy carefree hours in the sun.